Credit scores predict the probability of missing a payment in the next twenty-four months. That is what they are designed for. They do not predict your worthiness as a person or your financial competence.
This narrow purpose is why the factors that move scores are what they are. Payment history predicts future payment behavior most directly. Utilization predicts financial stress. Length of history provides more data.
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Understanding this makes it easier to accept that credit scores can miss things they were not designed to measure. Someone with a high income and inconsistent payment habits can have a modest score. Someone with modest income and disciplined habits can have an excellent score.
Lenders use scores because they are the most standardized available proxy for payment probability. They are not the only factor lenders consider.
Thinking of credit score as a payment probability estimate rather than a moral rating makes it easier to focus on the specific behaviors that move it. The habits are simple. The internal drama around what the score means is what makes people avoid working on it.